Urban Structure in Modern Society

urban Structure in Modern rescriptHow Should a Modern, Globalized Society Adapt Its Urban Structure? A affinity of Four TextsGlobalization, much standardized the Industrial Revolution that propelled Europe and sexual union America to the forefront of the domain of a function(prenominal) stinting stage, has forced the redevelopment and brass section of urban hubs. Some, like Moulaert and Waley, support regime-led initiatives addressing the problem of the economic disparities among social classes caused by the redefinition of labor market places. Others, including Logan and Swanstrom, argue against centr exclusivelyy-planned economies and markets, positing that cities should not work outside the boundaries of their national context. Scholars like Haila, on the other hand, present a married political political supposition combining the two, arguing that while differences in cities may exist, real farming and private investment is the common link binding every global cities. With globalization all overtaking the norms of familiar market economies, contemporary urban hubs represent persistent high levels of unemployment, shortage of job opportunities, homelessness, deteriorating housing and active conditions, output income gaps, and social violence these problems have become an integral part of the in the raw urban context, regardless of prevailing dynamics of economic growth or decline1. Consequently, Moulaert and his contemporaries suggest government-mandated interventions are necessary, including the coerced transformation of labor markets. harmonize to Moulaert, the transformation of employment is, doubtless, the key axis of urban socio-economic restructuring and the primary reckon shaping change magnitude inequality and social fragmentation in cities2. Logan and Swanstrom concur, precisely question the extent to which the government ought to be able to intervene in the restructuring of society. They question what form these interventions s hould take, as reform in the East is a synonym for raising prices, reducing some types of consumption, and accepting structural unemployment the Communist-type blow of urban restructuring (and central planning) is therefore representative of a political and economic event, avoidable through the careful, monitored endorsement of warrant market economies3. Waley, like Moulaert and his contemporaries, supports a degree of government intervention in urban restructuring and cites the japanese post-war example. Waley suggests Japans success in urban restructuring cigaret be attributed to reorganizing urban space in pursuit of economic growth, which entailed national relaxation of zoning, disposal of semipublic solid ground, and measures advantageous to private landowners vis--vis the strategies outlined by Haila which will be examined later4. The government, Waley argues, is the greatest facilitator of economic growth through its power to enact policies contrasted to the Communist model, however, Waleys proposition is one of incentive to the private sector.Logan and Swanstrom instantly oppose governmental intervention supported by Moulaert and (to a degree) Waley, specifying that indemnity cures and the measure of urban restructuring in an ailing economy are breach rankd at the national level the two stress that cities cannot be abstracted from their national context5. Logan and Swanstroms position endorse Waleys admonitions to avoid the dangers of a simplistic cultural-determinist response to the necessity of urban restructuring6. On the other hand, Moulaert concedes the fallibility of his model, surmising that government intervention can be detrimental to a point as federal programs are a de facto means of increasing the concentration of deprivation in particular urban areas and neighborhoods, reproducing the formation of excluded communities, reproduced by the very initiatives that purportedly aim at eradicating them7. Haila echoes the power of public perception, claiming that the aforesaid(prenominal) factor drives the model of private real estate-powered economies. Pointing out the paradigm flaw of Japanese investment in Los Angeles from the 1980s to the 1990s, Haila notes that urban development can be catalyzed or snuffed by a change in public perception after all, in the 1980s, Los Angeles was a city favored by Japanese investors, but the 1992 race riots changed this situation, as a property market where an asset can be demolished in one dark is not a good market8. turn Haila does not prescribe symmetry in the application of economic and urban restructuring, she endorses the facet that all cities which aim to restructure themselves into global cities have real estate in common, echoing Waleys sentiments regarding Japanese investment in Los Angeles. Private land ownership lends to the environment necessary for economic rehabilitation per globalization. Cities therein touch on cities the price falls and gains from one city inevitably affect another9.While Logan and Swanstrom support the contention that restructuring carries significant social and political institutions in its wake10, their views are most applicable to the current global economy due to their calls for uniformity and consistence on a national level. Tied to Hailas theory of inter-dependent cities, Logan and Swanstroms model prevents the cannibalization of intra-national markets. Moreover, Logan and Swanstrom advocate a laissez-faire attitude within the confines of a national agenda, therein tempering the so-called free market. Moulaerts supposition that global restructuring entails urban development projects, his advocacy for government intervention, finds fault along the lines of market restriction. The workings of bureaucracy prevent the intervention of the individuals Haila perceives as vital to the growth of an economy through land ownership. though they can be tempered by applicant law and a statute, truncating the involvement of the private sector limits growth and future adaptations to a globalizing world economy where punctuality can mean the difference between prosperity and recession. Waley may concede restructured capital of Japans disparity between the living conditions of the poor and the profit expansions of business corporations, but in his assertions he glosses over the states possible use of higher tax revenues to have-to doe with the lower classes, thus leaving the question of self-propagating poverty and economic stagnancy unanswered11. Perhaps most important to note is the necessity of policy liquid state in the degree of laissez-faire economics and governmental intervention. While all four works prescribed a degree of flexibility, none presented the unsubdivided fact that globalization, as a new world market and concept, cannot be approached using a template or a macroeconomic stencil of some sort. Adaptation in the urban sector, like all forms of adaptation, cannot be expected to work w ithin the stricture of obstinate thought.BIBLIOGRAPHYHaila, A. (1997) The Neglected builder of Global Cities. In Cities in Transformation Transformation in Cities cordial and Symbolic Change of Urban Space, pp. 51 64. London Ashgate P.Logan, John R and Todd Swanstrom. (1990) Urban Restructuring A Critical View. In Beyond the metropolis Limits Urban Policy and Economic restructuring in Comparative Perspective, pp. 3-24. New York Temple U P.Moulaert, Frank et al. (2003) Urban Restructuring, Social-Political Polarization and New Urban Policies. In The Globalized City Economic Restructuring and Social Polarization in European Cities, pp. 29-45. Oxford Oxford U P.Waley, P. (2000) Tokyo Patterns of Familiarity and Partitions of Difference. In Globalizing Cities A New Spatial Order?, pp. 127-157. New York Blackwell Publishers.Footnotes1 Moulaert et al 2003, p. 302 Moulaert et al 2003, p. 313 Logan and Swanstrom 1990, p. 44 Waley 2000, p.1395 Logan and Swanstrom 1990, p. 66 Waley 2000, p. 1287 Moulaert et al 2003, p. 328 Haila 1997, p. 569 Haila 1997, p. 5210 Logan and Swanstrom 1990, p. 1211 Waley 200, p. 141

Combining Anomaly Based Ids And Signature Based Information Technology Essay

feature anomaly base Ids And tactile sensation base Information Technology examine infraction Detection Systems (IDS) ar define as tools or devices which ar used to monitor a dust or a automobile or a group of users. They try to detect round outs before they consequence place or after attacks pack occurred. IDS collect information from mingled points in the network to determine of the network is still secure. IDS bath be divided into of importly two parts communicate Based Host Based. As the name suggest the respective IDS is used for either a Network or an Individual Host. They both go for their advantages and dis-advantages and hence ar sometimes combined together to provide extra security (Innella, 2001).Working of an IDSAn IDS basically keep work in two behaviors-1. Anomaly Based2. ghost BasedAnomaly Based IDS (A-IDS)A-IDS can be defined as a system which monitor the activities in a system or network and raise alarms if everything anomalous i.e. other t han normal appearance is detected. In each organization profiles are created for all users, wherein each user is given some rights to access some data or hardware. These rules and rights are fed to the A-IDS. If a user is using the computer in a time other than the one allotted to him, the A-IDS raises an alert (Carter, 2002).Carter (2002) Garca-Teodoro (2009) have as well listed some advantages and dis-advantages of A-IDS.The Advantages are as below-1. Inside the network attacks are easily detected by A-IDS.2. Any user actually abusing his privileges and accessing any other information is easily caught by A-IDS.3. Zero day attacks can be detected by A-IDS.The Dis-Advantages are-1. Appropriate Training is requisite before it is set up in any environment.2. It is very ticklish to train the IDS in a Normal environment as a Normal Environment is very hard to get.3. It generates sham positives.4. If the suspicious activity is similar to the normal activity it will not be detecte d.Signature Based IDS (S-IDS)This type of IDS is in any case referred as Misuse Detection IDS. It industrial plant on the basis of signatures. Each time an attacker attacks a system, he/she tends to leave some footprints of that attack. Footprints can be failed attack logs, failed logins, etc These are stored as signatures for IDS. It uses a association base, which is a database which stores the previous details of attacks. Whenever it encounters something it matches it with the records in the knowledge base and if a signature matches it raises an alarm (Baumrucker, 2003).Carter(2002) has listed some advantages and dis-advantages to these signature ground IDS.Advantages.1. It can exactly determine the type of attack.2. It does not produce false positives.3. It provides an interface which is also easy for a normal user to monitor.Dis-Advantages-1. We requirement to update the knowledge with each and every possible type of attack signature.2. It is necessary to update the databa se daily.3. It cannot detect Zero Day Attacks.4. An Attack in a database, if they are slightly modified then it is difficult to detect. intercrossed IDS.Goeldenitz (2002) in his paper has written cross IDS seems to be a dianoetic approach for IDS as one IDS can cover the dis-advantages of another type of IDS. It would be achieved by using various IDS together and then can be placed at various points in the networks like gate flairs, legion links, and various junctions. He also explains that this Hybrid IDS is basically installed on a host like a HIDS, exclusively acts like a NIDS.Depran et al (2005) have proposed a Hybrid IDS, which is using KDD 99 dataset. KDD 99 Dataset is a database which is used by researchers for IDS. The model proposed by them for the IDS is below-This model shows it is merged with both The Anomaly Detection Module and the Signature (Misuse) Detection Module. It also includes a Decision Support System which will receive stimulus from both the Detection M odule and then will decide what to do next.Working RuleThe Rule states if an Attack is detected by any one or both the Detection Systems, then it is termed as an attack. It is termed as Classified Attack if either Signature Based IDS or both have detected the Attack. It is termed as Unclassified Attack if only Anomaly Based IDS has detected the attack.Snort is a IDS which works on Signature Detection. It works on rules, which in turn are found on the signatures usually written by Intruders. (Rehman, 2003). (Aydin et al, 2009) have explained the pre-processor architecture of Snort and the way they have modified snort to reduce the number of false positives. They have used statistical methods much(prenominal) as PHAD NETAD for implementing their anomaly based IDS. The main reasons for choosing PHAD is that rather than modelling behaviour, it models protocols. Also it uses a time-based model for the rapid changes in the network. If a series of same anomaly occur then PHAD flags out only the first anomaly, thus reducing the number of false positives.They have basically combined PHAD NETAD with the pre-processor of Snort. A Pre-processor is an engine which has the ability to read deep down the packets and alert based on the content. A Pre-processor can also interpolate the content of a packet. This was achieved by Aydin et al (2009) by copying tho two files spp_phad.c spp_netad.cpp to the folder where snort.c lies, some code written and then the bear was compiled to obtain a modified Snort as a Hybrid IDS. This snort was tried in various environments and Fig 3. is one of the graphical record showing the number of attacks detected by Snort + PHAD + NETAD on a daily basis. DARPA data sets were used to test this Hybrid Snort. It is also micturate from the graph that the number of attacks detected by snort alone is way lower than the number of attacks detected by the Hybrid Snort. Hence (Aydin et al) also conclude that combining PHAD NETAD which are Anomaly Based IDS and Siganture Based IDS has to a greater extent positive results and has contributed successfully.Future WorkDepren et al (2005) have proposed that different shipway can be proposed to implement Anomalous Based IDS and Signature Based IDS. They have also proposed that for AIDS, it would be better to classify the attack based on the network services and then write better rules for analyzing them with less(prenominal) attributes. Also Endorf et al (2003) have written in their book, target detecting which has proved to be one of the best reliable and robust methods for Intrusion Detection. They also say that attackers although may be able to evade a signature based IDS, but they cannot bypass target detection which uses severe cryptographic algorithms and uses strong authentication to access the target functions. Commercial tools such as Tripwire, Intruder Alert, ForixNT, etc, are used by big companies, but are not so widely used by downhearted companies due to price lim itations. There are also chances that some operate Systems might incorporate tools like these so one doesnt have to forecast on external tools.

Festivals Of Egypt And Nepal Cultural Studies Essay

fiestas Of Egypt And Nepal Cultural Studies testA fete is an event, commonly and ordinary staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates nigh unique aspect of the community and the festival. fiestas of galore(postnominal) types, serve to meet specific needs, as well as to offer entertainment. These times of celebration after a sense of belonging for ghostly, friendly or geographical groups. Modern festivals that focus or cultural or ethnic topics seek to inform members of their tradition. at that place are neumerous types of festivals in the world. though legion(predicate) have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. There are two monger types of festival like (i) Seasonal festival (ii) General Festival.Festival In Nepal Everybody knows that Nepal is a land of mountain, but it is withal land of festival. Every course more that 50 festivals famous in Nepal. Generally national festivals noted on some fixed d ates and according to the lunar calendar astrolgers banding their religious festival. Different types of festival are as follows New course of instruction In Nepal it is kn knowledge as Navavarsho. This is the counterbalance day of Baisakh. According to the Nepalese officially calendar this very first day is observed usually in the second week of April. It is a national holiday. People go for excursion and have get together on this day. Saraswati Puja This day is celebrate as the birthday of Saraswati the goddess of learning. To please their goddess students worship their pens and books and expects her favour in their testing and studies this day move between January/February and its very auspicious day for marriage. Shivaratri (Moha- Shivaratri) Shivaratri is sensation of the major festival in Nepal. It is the night of Lord Shiva which falls between February/March. In south east Asia and Inia it is the most worshipped god and more than 1,00,000 lac of Hindu gathered in the Pashu Patinath temple. In winter the worshiper take dip and bath in the holy river and warm(a) for the whole day. Teej This festival is noted in August/September. On this day Hindi womens day for her men. Generally women wears red Saris. On this day women observe fast and they pray to Lord Shiva for their husbands sanitary and prosperous life. Tihar This is the second biggest festival which falls between October/November. It is the festival of light. People worship Laxmi-the Goddess of wealth. They believe the Goddess Laxmi get out enter their house, so they clean their houses and lit candles, oil lamps and the whole surface took illuminating. This festival ends with Bhai Tika- brothers day when a sister pray long and healthy life for their brother. Gambling is not illegal on this festival because it is similarly gambling time in Nepal. Holi In Nepal this festival is known as Phagu. It is a festival of waters and discolours. Holi is one of the most joyous spring for Hin du community.*Origin of this festivalThe celebration of Holi is very ancient in its origin and by its very origin is celebrates on ultimate triumple of the full(a) over the evil. Originally Holi is an agricultural festival celebrating the arrival of spring. The festival of Holi is also associated with the enduring love between Lord Krishna (an in carnation of Vishnu) and Radha, and Krishna in general. According to legend the young Krishna complain to his mother Yashoda astir(predicate) why Radha was so fair and he so dark. Yashoda advised him to apply colour on Radhas face see how her complexion will change-because of this Krishna is extended over-longer period.Festival of EgyptEgypt is a wondrous dry land with many festivals and celebrations. Some festivals are historical some are secular and some are religious. Some of the festivals are given below Sham al Naseem In Egypt both Moslem and Christian welcome the very fast day of spring. Sham al Naseem means the smell of Spring. The people gather together for outdoor picnic on the twenty first of March. On the day they have some traditional foods like Midamis (Kidney beans) and Fasiyah (Dried fish). Ramadan Ramadan is a very important festival in the Islamic calendar and more than 90% of the people are Moslem in Egypt. To honour the time when the holy Quran was revealed to the prophet Mohammad (sm) and it is celebrated on the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. In this month Muslim people fast for entire month and they dont eat, drink or puke from sunrise until sunset. Generally the working hour are often trim in this time for praying in Egypt. By taking Iftar the fast is lost with friends, family and community people. The end of Ramadan is marked with festival called Eid-Ul-Fitr. Egyptian Christmas There is a small but significant community of Christian celebrate the Christmas, mend most of Egyptian are Muslim. For the Coptic Christian of Egypt Christmas is celebrated on January each year. In this ti me the Christian community people fast and take only vegetable no meat or milk is taken from November 25th to the night of January 6th. The Pope of Orthodox Church origin prayer at the big Cathedral in Cairo at 11 pm. Wafa Al Nil This festival is dedicated to symbol of Egypt the Nile River. straight off a days painting competition, seminar, music concerts are the common name of celebrating of this September month festival. It is among one of the ancient festival of Egypt. Pharaonic wedding party This celebration is held on the month of November and this festival is the symbol of ancient politeness of Egypt. Many couples visit to the Karnack temple and get married there. Moulid an- Nabi The prophets birthday is celebrated at Moulid an- Nabi. Its held during the 3rd month of the Islamic calendar.*Origin of the CelebrationThe earlier account for the observations of Mawli can be found in Mecca. When the house in which Muhammad (sm) was born. It was originally a festival of the Shia ruling class, not attended by the common people. Public celebration of the birth of Muhammad (sm) did not occur until intravenous feeding centuries after his death. The first official Mawlid celebrations occurring in Egypt towards the end of the 11th century. The first public celebrations by Sunnis took place in 12th century in Syria under the rule of Nuraddin Zangi. Today it is an official holiday in many parts of the world.*Celebration of MawlidWhere Mawlid is celebrated in a carnival manner, large-mouthed street processions are held and homes or mosques are decorated and food is distributed and stories about the life of Muhammad (sm) are narrated with recitation of poetry. Mawlid is celebrated in most Muslim countries and in other countries where Muslims have presence. Saudi Arabia is the only Muslim country where Mawlid is not an official public holiday.*ConclusionFestival is an entertaining event. There are various types of festival in the world. Different countries celebrat e of their own festival with their own style. Every festival has its own origin and history. Festival shows a countries culture, ritual and their religious aspects. In Nepal they celebrate their festival from their religious aspect and most of the people are Hindu. However in Egypt they celebrate their festival from their Islamic religious aspect. Actually both of the countries celebrate festival from different value.

Wyeth Pakistan Limited Business and Financial Analysis

Wyeth Pakistan Limited descent and mo exonerateary digest1. INTRODUCTION1.1 REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPICBusiness and fiscal out agate line has been my ara of use up up during ACCA. I befuddle already studied the regulates that I require to answer the question questions of this research project, namely Ratio compend, PESTEL psycho abstract, and hit the books psycho compendium, RATIO compendium. This project came as a golden opportunity to demonstrate the practical application of my knowledge.It has always create my remainder why some stemmaes outperform and why some underperform financi whollyy. This military issue testament utilize the financial and business analytical skills I drive acquired so far and prove my skills once I get the percentage point in applied accountancy to prospective employers. The research will receive me an opportunity to brush up skills that require searching internet for information. It will too brush up my spreadsheet capabilities. 1.2 REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE ORGANIZATIONI want to invent in my uncles pharmacy in future. Knowing the pharmaceutic field will give me an edge in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of suppliers of medicines. Most of the medicines I go through seen in my uncles pharmacy are by Wyeth, therefore it arouse my curiosity.1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONSThe aim of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness and might with which Wyeth Pakistan Limited has been performing over the past 3 familys in business and financial matters. The report will accept the business analysis in terms ofAssessment of the macro environment of Wyeth exploitation PESTEL analysis. verit commensurate(prenominal) PESTEL factors to consider entangle Factor PoliticalCould hold e.g. EU enlargement, the euro, foreign trade, taxation polityEconomicSocialTechnologicalEnvironmental reasonede.g. interest rates, exchange rates, national income, inflation, unemployment, Stock Markete.g. ageing population, attitudes to work, income dispersale.g. innovation, new product development, rate of technological obsolescencee.g. global warming, environmental issuese.g. contest constabulary, health and safety, employment law (PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment)Assessment of the strategic capabilities of Wyeth using SWOT analysisSWOT analysis is a basic, straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. It accomplishes this by assessing an giving medications strengths (what an organization base do) and weaknesses (what an organization crapper non do) in addition to opportunities (potential favorable origins for an organization) and threats (potential reproachful conditions for an organization). (DANCA, Anthony C.)Assessment of Wyeths future prospectsThe financial analysis will complicateSales analysis Sales analysis helps the society know it is collision its sales objectives in a given timeframe. (MANDA, Gi lbert)The analysis will include sales revenue and festering.favourableness Analysis E rattling firm is virtually concerned with its clearability. One of the approximately frequently utilize quills of financial symmetry analysis is wampumability symmetrys which are employ to determine the callers bottom line. Profitability proportionalitys constitute a come withs overall efficiency and public surrende ration. (PEAVLER, Rosemary)The analysis will include Gross Profit (G.P) ratio, Net Profit (N.P) ratio and Return on Equity ( roe). fluidity ratios A class of financial metrics that is use to determine a associations ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligations. Generally, the higher the nurture of the ratio, the larger the moulding of safety that the company possesses to cover short-term debts. ( liquidness Ratios)The analysis will include Current ratio, quick ratio, debitor disorder ratio and lineage turnover ratio.Investor ratios The holders of the ordin ary takes of a company (its equity) are interest in the return on their investment and the value of their considers. (Advanced Level Accounting, 1996) The analysis will include Earnings per share, Price Earning ratio, Dividend per share and dividend yield ratio.The research questions for my research report are The growth in sales surrounded by 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009?What is the effect of Governments equipment casualty stymy policy on profits of Wyeth?What is the effect of the economic crisis of Pakistan on the financial performance of Wyeth?What was the effect of changing the policy of interchange on credit to selling on advance on the working capital letter of Wyeth and hence its fluidness position?What are the strengths and weaknesses of Wyeth?How nice did Wyeth perform differentiated to its major competitor GSK?How well is Wyeth utilizing its strategic capabilities?1.4 OVERALL RESEARCH APPROACHI started my research by carrying out a financial analysis usi ng ratios as the tool for my analysis. Most ratios flock be calculated from information provided by the financial statements. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firms financials to those of otherwise firms. (Financial Ratios) Then I carried out an analysis of the environment of Wyeth using PESTEL analysis. This was followed by SWOT analysis to assess its strategic capabilities.2. breeding GATHERING2.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATIONPRIMARY DATAInformation that has been collected at first hand. It involves bar of some sort, whether by taking readings off instruments, sketching, counting, or conducting interviews (using questionnaires). (Primary Data) To gather fair info I tried reaching Mr. Khwaja Bakhtiar Ahmed, the company secretary, through his assistant. later persistent efforts I final examinationly got an appointment. He was a charismatic person with a lot of knowledge. He enlightened me about Wyeth policies and answered many of my questions. He to a fault handed me the gradely reports of Wyeth and focussing accounts. For the purpose of collecting data I excessively emailed a questionnaire to a sample of employees of the organisation. The response was good. indirect DATASecondary data is data collected by individual other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data collected through soft methodologies or qualitative research. (Secondary data, 2011) My secondary sources of information included the followingThe annual reports of Wyeth and GSK.News text file such as Business rec articulate, pharmaceutical literatures.ACCA text books especially for field of operation F1, F3, F7, P3 and P5.News websites such as The news and Jang.Books that I found in the library of Superior college.Internet2.2 METHODS USED TO COLLECT INFORMATION2.2.1 visit stock ExchangeI visited the stock exchange to get the back endbreaking copy of the annual reports o f Wyeth and GSK.2.2.2 InterviewMy interviews with Mr. Khwaja Bakhtiar Ahmed, the company secretary and Mr. Imran Baig, my mentor prove to be a good source of information.2.2.3 E-Mail surveyI conducted an e-mail survey. The questionnaire was sent to disparate employees of the organization as a banter attachment and asked them to fill up the word file and send it back as attachment2.2.4 On-line AccessVarious websites were visited for the purpose of research. The most important ones were the website of Wyeth, Karachi stock exchange, and Pakistan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. I also visited ACCA website for archives of scholarly person accountant articles.2.3 QUESTIONNAIRE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES USEDThe questionnaire was emailed aft(prenominal) having it reviewed by the contrastive division heads. The population I used was the one that was using an email. I had see the email addresses from the records maintained by the company. The method I used for ingest was haph azard sampling. I chose the email addresses at random2.4 LIMITATIONS OF INFORMATION self-containedSome information was collected from Wyeth website which may be favourably dark towards the organization. It is possible that in spite of all the efforts some information sources may not stand been identified which could have lead to a different conclusion. The sample chosen for the email questionnaire might not be deterrent example of the population The views of the company secretary about future prospects might be biased or over optimistic The information present on internet can be subject to the authors own judgements sooner of presenting facts.2.5 ethical ISSUES DURING INFORMATION GATHERINGAs per the guidelines of Oxford Brookes university I was supposed to disclose the overflowing details of the information sources that I used, notwithstanding it was in the best interest of the employees of the organization to have their names kept anonymous so they do not face riddles wit h their employer. I put special vex into make sure the questionnaire kept the identity anonymous. During the interview with Mr. Khwaja Bakhtiar Ahmed, the company secretary I asked some questions about the new product launch of ENBREL and ORISTIQ. He was hesitant in answering at first plainly because I assured him that this information was publicly available, after knowing this he co-operated.2.6 ACCOUNTING / BUSINESS TECHNIQUES USED AND THEIR LIMITATIONThe accounting/business techniques used for the project were as follows2.6.1 Ratio AnalysisThe term accounting ratios is used to describe significant relationship between figures shown on a equipoise sheet, in a profit and button account, in a budgetary pull strings system or in any other fraction of accounting organization. Accounting ratios thus shows the relationship between accounting data. The ratios analysis is one of the most powerful tools of financial counsel. Though ratios are simple to calculate and easy to unders tand, they birth from serious limitations.Limitations of financial statements Ratios are found yet on the information which has been recorded in the financial statements. Financial statements themselves are subject to several limitations. Thus ratios derived, there from, are also subject to those limitations. For example, non-financial changes though important for the business are not relevant by the financial statements. Financial statements are affected to a genuinely great extent by accounting conventions and concepts. Personal judgment plays a great let out in find the figures for financial statements.Comparative study required Ratios are useful in judging the efficiency of the business only when they are compared with past resolvents of the business. However, such a comparison only provide glimpse of the past performance and forecasts for future may not prove correct since several other factors standardised market conditions, management policies, etc. may affect the fut ure operations.Ratios alone are not adequate Ratios are only indicators, they cannot be interpreted as final regarding good or bad financial position of the business. Other things have also to be seen.Problems of set level changes A change in impairment level can affect the validity of ratios calculated for different time intents. In such a case the ratio analysis may not clearly indicate the trend in solvency and profitableness of the company. The financial statements, therefore, be adjusted keeping in view the price level changes if a meaningful comparison is to be made through accounting ratios.Lack of adequate tired No fixed timeworn can be laid down for ideal ratios. There are no well accepted standards or rule of thumb for all ratios which can be accepted as norm. It renders interpretation of the ratios difficult.Limited use of single ratios A single ratio, usually, does not convey much of a sense. To make a better interpretation, a number of ratios have to be calculated which is standardizedly to confuse the analyst than help him in qualification any good decision.Personal bias Ratios are only office of financial analysis and not an end in itself. Ratios have to interpreted and different flock may interpret the same ratio in different way.Incomparable Not only industries differ in their nature, but also the firms of the similar business widely differ in their size and accounting procedures etc. It makes comparison of ratios difficult and misleading. (Accounting Ratios Financial Ratios)2.6.2 SWOT analysisSWOT analysis is a tool that is used to evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of an organization and the out-of-door Opportunities and Threats faced by the organization in the external environment. Limitations of SWOT The way SWOT analysis is often conducted does not allow for prudish communication, discussion, and verification of all external and internal factors proposed by all mingled. On such occasions, SWOT results prove less reliable an input to the outline generation process than they are capable of being. Still worse, as attested later, the results of SWOT analysis are some generation never meant to be used as an input to the strategy generation process. If that is known, or anticipated, by those involved in SWOT analysis, the quality of their inputs will most likely suffer and be lower than otherwise possible, and desirable.(KOCH, Adam J.)2.6.3 Porters vanadium forces analysisPorter looked at the structure of industries. In particular, he was elicit in assessing patienceattractiveness, by which he meant how easy it would be to make preceding(prenominal) average profits (forshareholders and to fund adequate investment). He concluded that industry attractivenessdepends on vanadium factors or forcesCompetitive rivalry between brisk firmsThreats of new entrantsThreats of substitute productsPower of suppliersPower of customers(Paper P3 Business Analysis congenital Text)Limitations of five forces modelPort ers 5 forces of competition have a few weaknesses and limitations. The modelunderestimates the influence of a companys pith competencies on its ability to achieve profit.It, preferably, assumes the industry structure is the sole determining factor. Porters 5 forcesdefinition is difficult to apply to large multinational corporations with synergies andinterdependencies achieved from a portfolio of businesses. Additionally, the five forcesframework assumes there is no collusion in the industry. Finally, Porters analysis doesntconsider the possibility of creating a new market. (Porters Five Forces of Competition , 2010)3. synopsis3.1 PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR2009 was a challenging stratum and witnessed modest growth in Pakistans economy out-of-pocket to uncertain law and order situation and global economic recession. The economy continues to witness double number inflation low economic growth and continued depreciation of the rupee against major currencies. During this period the pha rmaceutical industry has been adversely impacted by both inflationary trends as well as Rupee depreciation. The political relation has not allowed any across the board price adjustment to pharmaceutical industry for nine categorys. Growth in pharmaceutical markets is mainly plenty growth. (BENGALI, Iqbal, 2010) Pharmaceutical Industry is one of the major manufacturing industries in Pakistan providing employment to thousands of people directly and indirectly. The industry, however, is facing many scraps, which are hindering its growth. The major challenge faced by the industry is the complete freezing of price of pharmaceutical products since 2001. Pakistan is the only country in the entire Asian region that has not given its pharma and biotech industry tax-breaks and R D incentives.Governments requirement that drug production lines should be separate is raising toll and reducing the ability of local manufacturers to compete not only in the global market but even at home. (JAVE D, Aamar, 2009) Pakistan has a very vibrant and forward looking Pharma Industry. At the time of license in 1947, there was hardly any pharma industry in the country. Today Pakistan has about 400 pharmaceutical manufacturing units including those operated by 25 multinationals present in the country. The Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry meets around 70% of the countrys demand of undefiled Medicine. The domestic pharma market, in term of share market is well-nigh evenly divided between the Nationals and the Multinationals.(Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry) Pakistans $1.61 billion pharmaceutical market is now expected to post a five- yr compound annual growth of 8.95 per cent, down from 9.39 per cent forecast in the previous accommodate, fit in to Business Monitor International, a global business intelligence firm. (Pharmaceutical sector growth slowing down BMI , 2010)3.2 THE COMPANYAs a result of the global acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer Inc.,on October 15, 2009, Wyeth has become a wholly have subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.. Pfizer Inc has become the ultimate parent company of Wyeth Pakistan Limited. Wyeth however continues to be the principal shareholder of Wyeth Pakistan Limited. (AHMED, Khawaja Bakhtiar, 2010) Wyeth, with its pharmaceutical and over-the-counter divisions, is a leader in the research and development, manufacturing and marketing of a broad range of health care products. (WYETH PAKISTAN LIMITED )3.3 RATIO ANALYSISThe following ratio analysis is base on the Annual Reports of WYETH and GSK Pakistan. Comparison has been made with the results of GSK for FY2009 since these were the latest financials available. Ratios3.3.1 SALES AnalysisGSK 2009Sales Revenue (Rs. in million)Growth in revenue (%) equal of sales. (Rs. In million)Growth in be of sales.(%)14,7199.8%11,17317%FY20102,3100.17%1,8301.4%FY20092,306 3.3%1,8058%FY20082,38413%1,69922%3.3.2 ProfitabilityRatiosGSK200924.1%FY2010FY2009FY2008G.P MarginN.P MarginROE20.82%1.13%2.58%21.73%-3.77% 8.86% 29.87%6.04%12.73%6.3%11.5%123.3.3 LiquidityRatiosCurrent Ratio restless RatioDebtors geezerhood fund Days3.3.4 Investors AnalysisGSK20093.21.62567FY20102.561.0126163FY20092.710.9838 revenueFY20083.431.3829143RatiosGSK20095.52054.6%FY2010FY2009FY2008Earnings per package (EPS)(Rs.)PE Ratio (Times)Dividend Per Share (Rs.)Dividend Yield18.6149.08100.92%-61.09___101.5025.6225010.55%Comments on RatiosThe operating results of underways year are for a 12 months period ended November 30, 2010 compared to the previous year which for an 11 months period ended November 30, 2009.Sales analysis.The growth in companys net sales for the period terminal 30 November 2009 trim down by 3.3% as sales were Rs. 2,384 million in year terminate 31, December 2008 and in 2009 period it was Rs. 2,306 million which is collectible to challenging conditions of external environment in 2009. On the other hand follow of sales for year shutdown 2008 was Rs. 1,699 million which sum upd to Rs. 1,805 million in period closing curtain 2009. It was an step-up of 8% which shows that company does not have efficient policies to control its operative expenditure.In year expiry 2010 overall sales increased by 0.17% but as we mentioned above that this period comprises 12 months comparing expiry 11 month period and if we compare like with likes then sales lessen by 8%. This is referable to collect to uncertain law and order conditions of Pakistan. But this year company showed efficiency in overbearing its costs as this year cost of sales increased by just 1.4%. This could be repayable to cooking and development of employees as information on six- sigma was conducted after the losses incurred by company in 2009. This training was to increase efficiencies of employees to control the cost.GSK Sales of GSK are in year finish 2009 were Rs. 14,719 million as compared to Rs. 2,310 million of Wyeth which is due to major market share of GSK. Out of to 20 products 9 are manufactured and sold by GSK.Profitability analysisGP MarginIn year shutdown 2010 gross profit tolerance reduced as it was 21.73% in year ending 2009 and it was 20.82% in year ending 2010. This reducing was mainly due to adverse economical conditions of country as inflation increased and cost of resources and operations increased accordingly.In period ending 30 November 2009 the GP margin decreased from 29.87% in 2008 and 21.73% in 2009. In year 2009 the profit also reduced as compared to sales which is also mainly to due to increase in cost of operations. On the other hand the presidency has not allowed an increase in price since year 2001. The GP margin of GSK is 24.1% for year ending 2009 as Wyeth has GP margin 20.82% in year ending 2010 which shows that GSK has more ability to control its cost and transfer it to its customers.NP MarginIn period ending 30 November 2009 the net profit margin reduced from 6.04% in 2008 to 3.77%. The major cause of this reduction in profitability was the economica l condition of Pakistan. Costs of operations increased due to inflation and at the same time the devaluation of currency. However, company maintained control on expenses as their advertising and promotion costs were in line with give way year. Administrative cost increased due to cost of willing Separation Scheme. Other operating expenses were lower than last year. NP margin for year ending 2010 increased to 1.13% from -3.77% in the last year. This service was due to increase in efficiency of employees and efficiently controlling the available cost of company as the operating expenses reduced by 10% in year ending. There has been a long stand price freeze by the government since 2001 due to which company was not able to fix abnormal profits.The net profit of GSK was 6.3% in year ending 2009 which also reduced as it was 14.6% in 2008. This shows that the industry was adversely affected by increase in operational costs and long standing price freeze by government due to which com panies cannot pass their cost to customers.ROEReturn on equity increased for year ending 2010 to 2.58% as it was -8.86% in year ending 2009 this increased was due to increased operational efficiency of organization. While in period ending 2009 the ROE reduced significantly from 12.73% to -8.86%. . ROE of GSK is 11.5% in year ending 2009 as compared to % of Wyeth. Liquidity analysis.Current ratioCurrent ratio indicates how many times the companys occurrent assents can meet companys current liabilities. A ratio of 2 is considered sufficient for current ratio generally. In the period ending 30, November 2009 the current ratio reduced from 3.43 times to 2.71 times. This shows that the company can meet its current liabilities 2.71 times by its current assets.This fall trend could cause an alarming situation for Wyeth because a company can survive without profits for some years but without gold it cant survive more than one year. So worsening condition of Wyeth needs effective and effi cient policies for fund management. Current ratio for year ending 2010 reduced to 2.56 times as it was 2.71 times in year ending 2009. This shows that now company can meet its current liabilities by 2.56 times. A ratio of 2 is a standard for current ratio. alliance modify its working capital condition this year as they changed their sales and dissemination model from credit to advance cash. Current ratio of GSK for year ending 2009 is 3.2 times which shows strong policies of funding are in place. sprightly ratioQuick ratio indicates how many times companys current assets can fulfill its current liabilities but it ignores inventory from current assets because in some organizations inventory takes times before it can metamorphose to sales. Quick ratio of Wyeth is reducing quicker than current ratio for years ending 2009Quick ratio for period ending 2009 also reduced from 1.38 to 0.98 times which was an alarming situation for Wyeth. It indicates that major part of current assets co nsist inventory and companys inventory increased from last year due to increase in cost of materials. . Ratio of 1 is considered a standard for quick ratio so companys liquidity is worsening. Quick ratio improved in year ending 2010 which is 1.01 times as it was 0.98 times in 2009. This is due to improved working capital management policies as company received cash in advance instead of credit. Due to which company earned interest on deposits too. Quick ratio of GSK for year ending 2009 was 1.6 which shows a healthy liquidity position.Debtors DaysDebtors turnover period indicates how many long time debtors take to pay their debt to company. Debtors are part of working capital and for the successful operations of company good debtor management strategies need to be in place. In period ending 2009 the debtors turnover period increased by 9 old age as these were 29 days in 2008 and 38 days in 2009. During this year due to inflation and devaluation of currency the company had to clear debtors turnover period as company made loss after tax this year. In year ending 2010 companys debtor days reduced to 26 days as compared to 38 days in 2009 this also shows the improvement in fund management policies as this year company received advance cash from sales and distribution instead of credit. Debtors days of GSK for year ending 2009 were 25. This shows that debtor collection policies of GSK are more efficient than Wyeth. enumeration daysInventory days indicate the period during which inventory of a company form in its warehouse or in work in come out before it is finally converted into sales. Inventory holding initiates many expenses like warehouse, damages etc. which can be mitigated by good inventory management policies in place. Inventory turnover period in 2009 increased by 1 day as it was 143 days in 2008 and became 144 days in 2009. This increase was nominal but instead improvement this increase was due to decreasing in underlying sales.Inventory days increased this year too from 144 days in 2009 to 163 days in 2010. This increase was mainly due to increase in inflation and instability of prices in material. Sales for this year was lower than last year. Inventory turnover period of GSK in year ending 2009 was 67 days which is less than half of Wyeth. This shows that GSK has more efficient working capital policies and sales of GSK were more than Wyeth which is due to the higher market share of GSK. Investors analysis.EPSEarning per share can be used to indicate the profitability of a company. It shows the earning allocated to each common share. In period ending 2009 the EPS reduced badly by Rs.162 per share. In this year companys EPS was -61.09. This major decrease was due to logical inflation and devaluation of currency ofPakistan. These factors became the reason for increase in operational cost. And due to the price freeze by government the company was not able to transfer the cost to customers. In year ending 2010 EPS increased from R s. -61.09 last year to Rs. 18.61 this year. This year company made a net profit margin of 1.13% which was loss of (3.77) % in last year. This improvement is due to controlling the operational expenses of the company this year. The EPS of GSK for year ending 2009 was Rs. 5.5 which is consistent with previous years.PE ratioThe PE ratio of Wyeth moved adversely during last years. In year ending 2008 the PE ratio was 25.62 times while In year ending 2009 the companys made a loss. Which was due to increase in cost which company was not able to pass to customers. In year ending 2010 PE ratio improved to 49.08 times which was nil in last year this improvement also due to improvement in operational efficiency of company during 2010 as the company improved its cash position as well as its productivity. The PE ratio of GSK was 20 which show good performance of GSK compared to Wyeth. Dividend per share Dividend per share ratio indicates the dividend earned by an investor by holding one share o f company.There was no dividend per share in year ending 2009 as company was in loss. This loss was mainly due to adverse environmental, economical, and political situations. In year ending 2010 company announced the dividend of Rs. 10 per share which shows the attractive position of company in this year. Company improve its profitability as well as its operational efficiency during year ending 2010 as retrospective measures taken in 2010 like training on six-sigma plan. The dividend per share of GSK for year ending 2009 was Rs.5 which also indicates that company performed well in such crises. Dividend yield This ratio represents the cash flows earned by the investor by investing each rupee in form of shares.In year ending 2010 earning yield improved to 0.92% as it was nil in year ending 2009. This improvement was due to improvement in operational efficiencies during year ending 2010 while economical and political instability remained consistent in year ending 2010. In the period en ding 2009 company made a loss. While GSKs dividend yield in this year was 4.6% which shows the good governance of GSK as compare to Wyeth.3.4 PESTEL ANALYSISPESTEL analysis is a tool which is used to understand external environment. It deals with external environmental factors like political, economical, social and demographical, technological, environmental and legal. By considering these factors we can judge the influence of all above factors on the operations and profitability of any company. Political factors. In political factors we consider the government policies like tax policies, their stability, political environment and institutions. In 2008 there was instability in political conditions of Pakistan which adversely affected the pharmaceutical industry. Policies of government about electricity price raises also contributed adversely to pharmaceutical industry. Governments price freeze policy since 2001 also reduced the profitability because firms were not able to transfer their increasing operational cost to the customers. In the last quarter of 2008 government gave some relaxation on price increase but that was for some products that did not contribute too much to improve the conditions of profitability. scotch factorsInflation (too much money chasing too few goods) remained the major problem of Pakistan in the last few years. Due to consistent rise in cost of electricity, labor, and fuel the profitability of pharmaceutical industry reduced as firms could not increase prices according to cost due to limitation by government policies. But demand in the public remained unchanged. Devaluation of Pakistan currency also adversely affected the industry as value of rupees consistently reduced against major currencies of world especially against US$. Due to which many firms had

Coal Industry: Ethical Analysis

Coal industry Ethical AnalysisThe cypher industry is much relevant today than ever before. As modern technology thrives, so does strength. It has become a necessity physical exertiond in some(a)(prenominal) aras of vitality such as agriculture, transportation, fellate collection, in puzzle outation technology and communications. All of which argon critical components for nigh functional societies. The industry is made up of numerous an(prenominal) different entities, which include the petroleum industry, splosh industry, electrical cater industry, combust industry, nuclear power industry, re sensitiveable labor button industry, and the traditional cipher industry. The petroleum color and turgidness industry accounting system for most of the market, supplying 60% of fargon demand. Then there is the char industry coming in second, report for 20% of the industries market sh atomic piece 18. These industries face continuous debate regarding their fruition and s ales, in fractureicular here in the United States. The United States is one of the worlds biggest consumers of zippo and the energy industry is the third largest industry within our refineed e verbalise (U.S cogency Industry). This has generated a lot of mankindity for the industry, due to the increased employ up and demand for energy as a whole. And since there is to a greater extent and more emphasis set on the environment, the media has talllighted the invalidating aspects that surround the business. In this section we atomic number 18 expiration to take a closer look at the combust industry, graceigate some of the honourable issues facing sear.Ethical Issues Facing Coal IndustryThroughout history ember has been a very abundant and all important(p) resource, especially for us in the United States. We most commonplacely use it for producing our electricity and heat. Today ember generates more than half of our electricity, with there world nearly 600 ember-fu eled power represents nationwide. The industry as well as creates over 550,000 jobs in our country (Take Action). So we should not neglect the fact that combust is a major contributor to our society and almost everyone benefits from its use. But unlike most otherwise(a) industries, coal faces a multitude of ethical issues. These issues heap be baffled vote pile into three categories, environmental, genial, and ethical (sustainability).Coal creates a lot of problems for the environment. The chief(prenominal) one has to do with air contamination ( ascorbic acid emissions). When burned coal emits high levels of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is the main babys room gas that reasonablenesss global warming. It in like manner emits other pollutants to the air when burned which include mercury, selenium, and arsenic. As far as make off management goes, coal creates a lot of solid waste product such as fly ash, bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge. This waste contains mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other admixtures that are all harmful for the environment. Coal also pollutes the body of water. This occurs mostly during the various fall processes. The process that gets the most exposure, especially around the Appalachian region, is a form of surface excavation called mountaintop removal. This process involves extracting entire coal wrinkles from a mountain, hill, or ridge by re abject the land or overburden above the seam (which pollutes the water and depletes woodland resources). These are just a few examples of the negative environmental impacts of coal (Environmental Impacts of Coal).There are also many social challenges facing the coal industry, but we are just going to strain on the negative health effects and employee safety. Coal mickle construct a lot of health problems. These problems include respiratory issues (bronchitis, asthma attacks, etc.), menacing lung, congestive heart failure, and some forms of cancer. Mostly people acquire these sicknesses by the extraction, preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport of coal, but the general humans can also be affected. Employee safety is other social concern that surrounds the coal industry. This oddball of industry involves the use of heavy equipment, which creates several safety hazards. Fire, explosion, the release of gas and structural failure are some of the other safety risks associated with coal (Fears). Overall, this is a very hazardous job requiring workers to always be alarm clock and aware of their work environment at all times.Finally lets dispute sustainability. There are juvenile figures that show the coal industry is in decline. This is the result of new governing regulations and rules, which are trying to decrease carbon emissions. This creates long-term problems for the coal industry, because recent trends show that society wants to do anything they can to preserve the environment and find a mediocr eer energy source. other reason for the decline is the recent influx of cheap natural gas to the United States (Plumer). All in all, the future looks pretty grim for the coal industry.Pressures Facing Coal Industry cogency companies such as the coal industry imbibe created problems such as pollution, global warming, nuclear wastes, anele spillages, etc. Because these problems affect the environment, the public has started to pay attention. Environmental interest bases and government regulations are responsible for bringing force per unit battlefield to corporations in the energy industry.Because the results of destroy coal can damage the environment, many environmentalists and activist organizations bring forth brought compel to the industry. Groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, Sierra Club, Environmental abnegation Fund, and the Natural Resources Defense Council are some of the more popular environmental activist organizations (Sills). These organizations may pose a threat to the coal industry because they push the use of renewable energy and participate in strikes, protests, complaints to the government, and online video posts to gain public attention against companies in the energy industry that may be a threat to the environment (Tesh). Many of these activist groups rich person over 1 meg members and can potentially create a lot of pressure on the energy industry in the future (Tesh).The environmental group that causes the biggest threat to the coal industry is the Greenpeace group, as they are the largest independent direct-action environmental organization in the world (Greenpeace.org). The primary goals of Greenpeace are to shut down dirty industries, advocate laws to curb global warming, create a cut towards plunker energy, and publically expose those companies that support the use of dirty energy. Greenpeace has also started an Energy Revolution which includes a blueprint for protecting the environment through investing in renewable energy. Part of the Energy Revolution includes the abjure Coal Campaign which fights to eliminate the use of coal because coal fire power plants are the biggest source of man-made CO2 emissions, making the use of coal energy the greatest threat facing our climate. Over the ago couple years, campaigns by the Greenpeace group cede resulted in victories of shutting down coal plants around the world (Greenpeace.org).Activist groups against the coal industry can even be make up on the Virginia tech campus. Greenpeace at Virginia technical school and VT Beyond Coal are two major groups on campus that are fighting for a better environment. According to the website of VT Beyond Coal, the campus power plant burns 46,000 tons of coal (VT Beyond Coal). VT Beyond Coal has started a petition that is committed to transitioning VTs coal plant to 100% clean, renewable energy by 2020. This petition to Invent a clean future is part of a movement to bring clean energy to over 60 univer sities in the United States (VT Beyond Coal).Along with pressures from activist groups, energy and environmental regulations by the United States government are increasing and becoming more complex. According to The Daily Caller magazine of Washington D.C., the Environmental justification Agency is on the job(p) with president Obama to tighten regulations on oil, gas, and coal for the side by side(p) four years (Bastasch). So far, the coal industry has been affected the most by the regulations and has experienced a shutdown of more than 200 coal-fired generators crosswise 25 states. Coal dig companies have also been hurt by these regulations and have seen a loss of 17,000 jobs since May 2012. Also, research from Thomas Pyle, President of the Institute for Energy Research, has deter exploit that energy prices leave behind continue to evolve as a result of the environmental policies. Due to the Environmental surety Agencys oppressive regulations, Pyle also quotes, coal is toast (Bastasch).The pressures from activists groups and the government will push for companies in the coal industry to be more accountable towards societies involve alternatively of the needs of the shareholders (Tesh). Actions of activists groups may cost companies money and may cause more people to protest against traditional energy sources. Government policies will also be a financial strain to energy companies as they impose fines if regulations are not fol low geared. As a result of these pressures, the coal industry will have to make changes.Corporate Social office ActivitiesBecause there are a number of ethical issues facing the coal industry, companies in this industry have being working at its take up to improve the social and environmental impact of their activities. Peabody Energy is known for being the worlds largest private-sector coal company. They are also the global leader for finding substitute clean coal solutions and sustainable digging. It is Peabody Energys mis sion to be a conduct worldwide producer and supplier of sustainable energy solutions that enable stinting prosperity and a better quality of life (Peabody).As their corporal accountability, they have been addressing issues in employee, economic, public, and environmental responsibility.Peabodys Safety Vision is to prevent nought incidents, occupational illnesses, and property damage. Safety improvements remain a priority to Peabody Energy in all of their global coal plants. They have been making efforts to increase a safe workplace environment by using surveys and assessments to gain feedback from its employees. In 2011, Peabody completed the installation of underground communication systems so that miners underground are able to better communicate problems that may arise so that hand over teams are notified to assist workers correct away. Peabody has also introduced Safety a musical mode of Life, which is their training program for employees to transition into the companys safety systems and processes (Peabody). In addition to employee responsibility, Peabody Energy believes in the importance of preserving the environment. The key principle of their mission is to leave the land in a condition equal to or better than we found it (Peabody). In 2011, Peabody restored more than 5,100 acres of tap lands and has been creating rangeland, wildlife habitat, hardwood forests, and wetland. The company encourages regular supervise so that they meet or exceed compliance standards. Peabody has spent $290 million on just land restoration alone (Peabody). They have also introduced a three year study of global energy and water use to enhance environmental conditions. Peabody is one of the very few coal companies that is advancing in clean coal technologies and pursuing different work outs to maximize energy efficiencies so that they can improve the carbon dioxide intensity. Beginning in 2006, Peabody has partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey to undertake methan e content in its mines. Peabody has been thinking on their environmental responsibilities as a company through partnerships with other organizations and move in projects toward zero greenhouse gas emissions, new clean coal technologies, maintaining energy efficiency and emissions intensity, and shaping effective carbon policy . ArchCoal is another coal mining company known for its corporate social responsibility initiatives. Like Peabody Energy, ArchCoal has been focusing on the same responsibilities in safety and environmental conditions. ArchCoals guiding principle is safety. They promote the Perfect Zero principle of zero injuries and zero environmental violations. Like Peabody, ArchCoal has been finding ways to make their working environment safer for its employees. In 2011, they invested $14 million in a two-party communication and tracking systems for mines to prevent accidents underground. Additionally, ArchCoal has been constantly training its employees for preparedness a nd preventing feasible accidents (ArchCoal). ArchCoal is working on various initiatives to reduce air emissions from coal electricity. They have been investing in technology to find ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions. ArchCoal has recently introduced its waste management program where water, oil, and metal are recycled. Coal companies are more active in their corporate social responsibilities that other companies in different industries. Because the industry itself is so dangerous for both employees and the environment, coal companies have been working hard to provide the right environment and resources for employees. Furthermore, because the environment is detrimentally affected by the activities of coal companies, companies are taking more initiative to focus and take responsibility for their actions. enthronement Policy Recommendations Virginia technical school needs to take corporate social responsibility and ethical issues of the coal indus try into account when determining its investment decisions. Energy from coal is under a lot of scrutiny in the public shopping centre since it is perceived as dirty and old technology. With the future of energy pointing towards clean technology such as solar and wind energy, Virginia Tech needs to be on the forefront. They need to set themselves as a jumper cable donnish institution that is moving away from coal and into clean technology. The slogan for the institution is Invent the Future(www.vt.edu), therefore taking the initiative to be ahead of the curve. When investing the schools endowment funds, it is important to take ethical issues into account but at the same time not take a financial loss. The great thing about not investing in coal but other technology is that they are taking ethical issues into account but are also focusing the funds into an sports stadium that is growing at an exponential rate and will lead to financial gains rather than losses. As a public institu tion there is a constant eye on Virginia Techs every move, whether it be policy with students, academic rankings, but most importantly where their endowment decides to invest their money. With that being said, it is pleasing to take a financial loss because you have to take the public views into account. Virginia Tech is closely related to the coal industry, with a coal power plant on campus and being located in SouthWest Virginia where the meet areas are heavy in coal, so it is a tough extract to not invest in coal. Therefore there will be both sides arguing over the investment in coal. You will have the local coal areas feeling as though the University is not expression out for them and then you will have the group that is all for clean technology and that has been trying to get the school to find a new source for power. Though, just because we will not be recommending that Virginia Tech invest in coal it doesnt mean that the power plant has to go immediately. We are saying th at by investing in other technology, they will be putting money into companies that are developing new technology that Virginia Tech can then go and use to harness their own energy for use on campus and in the surrounding areas in the future. As they focus their investments into cleaner energy and choosing ethical reasons over financial technology, the public eye will change and they will see Virginia Tech as a leader in the future.Investment RecommendationsWhen looking back at the state of Virginias long history it is impossible to forget the impact that fogey fuels have had on the region. Fossil fuels and more specifically coal have been some of the biggest employers and revenue generating industry in the state. 2006, the keep down value of fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about $2.4 billion. Coal accounted for about 72 percent ($1.7 billion) of this total value, while natural gas accounted for about 28 percent ($660.3 million), and oil less than 1 percent ($1.1 million).(Virg inia Tech Department of Mines) In recent years the total amount of coal produced in the country has been a little more than one billion tones still a huge number despite the push for new green energy. In Virginia outturn has been around thirty to forty million tones, mostly in the southwesterly coalfields (VEPT). However coal production has rock-bottom in the state to the low 30s consistently. Our group would suggest Virginia Tech to not invest in fossil fuels and specifically coal mining as coal prices have decreased while the costs for obtaining and operating mines have increased. This is due to a number of factors, one of the most important factors is the trend of coal mining moving westward to states like Wyoming where mining is cheaper and easier due to the geological conditions there. wizard major problem is that almost all coal mines in the Appalachian area are underground mines in contrast to their western counterparts which tend to be surface mines allowing for easier and cheaper extraction. Virginia also has had a long history of coal mining which has led to the depletion of easily obtainable reservoirs forcing mining firms to look for untapped reserves.It is common knowledge that the use of fossil fuels has negative effects on many aspects of our lives, from health concerns including higher rates of asthma in areas with heavy pollution but also the potentially devastating effects of global warming. These are only a few of the ethical concerns facing an industry as controversial as the coal industry. Specifically coal industry creates many issues for the environments that contain coal mines. Coal mines generate large amounts of solid waste especially when considering that several coal mining companies engage in the practice of mountaintop removal. Mountaintop mining uses explosives to expose the coal seams and transform what would have been underground mining to a form of surface mining. This is a common method of mining in the Appalachian Mount ains. Studies have shown that mountaintop mining has had very serious consequences for the environment. One of the biggest impacts of this form of mining is the contamination of local watersheds. This is caused by placing the undesired materials created by exposing the coal seam in valleys or filler holes which inevitably ends up contaminating streams that eventually flow into the watershed. Exposure to these streams have been shown to lead to hospitalization for a verity of health concerns including Rates of mortality, lung cancer, as well as chronic heart, lung and kidney disease are also increased.(M.A. Palmer et al. Mountaintop Mining Consequences, Science, 8 January 2010, Vol. 327, p. 148) alternatively of investing in more untapped reserves our group would instead look towards more renewable resources to cover our energy needs. The energy produced in Virginia accounts for less than half the total energy consumed in the state leading to the obvious conclusion that the state re lies on other sources to provide energy. found on estimates by The U.S. Energy Information Administration Virginia Energy manipulation was estimated to be 2,558 trillion Btu while the energy produced as fossil fuels mined in Virginia was about 28% of total consumption. In Virginia Coal-fired power plants form the largest chunk of electrical power generation in the state with 45%.

Hip-Hop as a Cultural Movement Essay -- Hip-Hop Culture

belt is a cultural movement that emerged from the draggled South Bronx, New York in the early 1970s. The areas in general African American and Puerto Rican residents originated this uniquely American musical genre and kitchen-gardening that over the past iv decades has developed into a global booster impacting the formation of youth culture around the world. The South Bronx was a gyrate of political, tender, and economic upheaval in the years leading up to the source of Hip-Hop. The early part of the 1970s found many African American and Hispanic communities desperately seeking relief from the poverty, drug, and crime epidemics engulfing the gang reign neighborhoods. Hip-Hop proved to be successful as both a creative outlet for expressing the struggles of life amidst the prevailing crime and violence as well as an enjoyable and cheap form of recreation. The longevity of Hip-Hop as a cultural movement can most without delay be attributed to its humble roots. For mult iple generations of young people, Hip-Hop has directly reflected the political, economic, and social realities of their lives. Widely regarded as the father of the Hip-Hop, Afrika Bambaataa named the cultural movement and delineate its four fundamental elements, which consisted of disc jockeying, break dancing, graffiti art, and rapping. Dating back to its organic law Hip-Hop has always been a cultural movement. Defined by outlying(prenominal) more then just a style of music, Hip-Hop influences fashion, vernacular, philosophy, and the esthetic sensibility of a large portion of the youth population (Homolka 2010). in spite of having absolutely nothing to do with the four elements of Hip-Hop as defined by Afrika Bambaataa, the most influential person in the creati... ...olka, Petr Bc., and Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel. Black or White Commercial work stoppage Music and Authenticity. Masaryk University Faculty of Arts, Department of side and American Studies. (2010) 7-21. Web. Jo nnes, Jill. South Bronx rising the rise, fall, and resurrection of an American city. New York Fordham University Press. (1986). LaBoskey, Sara. Getting aside Portrayals of Masculinity in Hip Hop spring in Film. Dance Research Journal. 33.2 (2001). 112-120. Price, Emmett III. Hip Hop Culture. Santa Barbara. (2006).Rhodes, Henry A. The Evolution of Rap Music in the United States. Yale New Haven Teachers Institute. (2003)Samuels, David. The Rap on Rap the Black Music that Isnt Either. The New Republic. (November 11, 1991).Simpson, Janice C., Time. Yo Rap Gets on the Map Led by groups like Public Enemy. (February 5, 1990).

Although it is clearly a product of its time, The Speckled Band holds :: Free Essay Writer

Although it is clear a point of intersection of its time, The speckle Band holds the interest of a contemporary audience and s a fine example. Although it is clearly a product of its time, The Speckled Band holdsthe interest of a moderne audience and s a fine example of thedetective story genre. Do you cope with with this comment on ConanDoyles story?The Speckled Band has a Victorian context and in the Victorian timestories had different aspects, which they be appealing, but as amodern audience we are attracted to new(prenominal) aspects of stories. Becauseof these different appeals we know that The Speckled Band is a productof its time. The Speckled Band keeps the modern reader guessing thesolution to the crime. This is very socialise for the reader asthey must try to find the answer sooner Sherlock Holmes does. SherlockHolmes is characterised as an almost super human person with amazingpowers of deduction this makes us admire him. Watson (Holmessaccomplice) is a descri be character as he is someone who we relate to as hegoes on the same journey as us. The speech in the cloud band is in a formal footmark, my name isSherlock Holmes. This is my familiar(p) friend and associate Dr Watsonthis is different to our modern stories as we like to betoken lessrestrained emotions, so some readers may find the tone boring. Thesentences spoken are long and complicated in structure they lose an overdraw style, I observe that you are shivering. We see once againthat The Speckled Band is a product of its time as thither is a lot ofold fashioned language, like sorry to cuff you up and haggard.One of the popular appeals in Victorian times was melodrama and thereis lots of this in the story. The helplessness of Helen stone and thefact that she demand Holmes to advise her how to walk amid thedangers which encompass herwould appeal to the Victorians a lot asin those times women were considered the more vulnerable sex, but amodern audience may find this over the top because it is overexaggerated to us. The modern audience may find it even moreoverdramatic that Helen Stoner needs Sherlock to throw a little light through with(predicate) the dense darkness which surrounds her the modern audiencesees this melodrama as too strained and false. But Victorians loved itas in their times men were considered as strong, brave and the oneswho would stand up for women. This also shows that The Speckled Bandwas a product of its time.

The Portrayal of Murder in The Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter :: Sherlock Holmes Arthur Doyle Roald Dahl Essays

The portraiture of Murder in The Speckled Band and lamb to the SlaughterThe twain stories we are compare are the 1880s Sherlock Homes murderarcanum tail The Speckled Band and the second story is the1900sthriller Lamb to the Slaughter.The Speckled Band is an on the edge murder closed book tail, this is oneof the many Sherlock Homes tails, it was written bySir Arthur Conan Doyle in the tardily Victorians 180s.Lamb to the Slaughter is a very short thriller, this story was writtenby the great childs Author Roald Dahl in the 1950s.In this essay we are not comparing the two stories we are comparingand contrasting the two murders which are.In Lamb to the Slaughter the murderer is Mrs bloody shame Maloney,Mrs Maloney is a pretty woman ab aside 5ft with long dark bull and bigbrown eyes. She is six months pregnant and is a very lovely and caringwoman who is extremely organised. The victim that Mrs Maloney killedwas none other than her economize Mr Maloney. Mary new that her economize was having an a affair with another Woman, so when Mr Maloney camehome from work one night Mrs Maloney lashed out and smashed herhusband around the back of his head with an frozen microscope stage of lamb thatshe had conscionable taken out of the freezer for supper. Mrs Maloneyimmediately put the frozen leg of lamb in the Oven and then called thepolice and told them that her husband had been remove objet dart she wasout. After she killed her husband she went into her bedroom and satthere for half an min thinking of what to do and say to the police.In the end she thought up of a story, she went out of the house 2 getsome Items for the meal when she got back she saw her husband andcalled the police. When the police arrived she said that while she wasout he was murdered, the police checked up on that and it was true.The police try 2 find the murder weapon around the house and tendand after there search Mrs Maloney insisted that they ate the food shehad cooked because she was no t up to it, so they did the 3 policeofficers ate the lamb and the evidence they had dog-tired all day lookingfor. So in the end Mrs Maloney make up a story before she called thepolice and after she had murdered Mr Maloney and she got away withmurder.The Second story The Speckled Band the murderer was rectify Grimesby

What is the Caribbean? :: Geography Caribbean History Islands Essays

What is the Caribbean?Many ask themselves, What is the Caribbean? What makes up the Caribbean? and How has each island created their identity due to their history? Sidney Mintz in the article, The Caribbean as a Social-cultural Area approaches a much social interpretation, Antonio Bentez-Rojo in the article From the woodlet to the Plantation approaches a more humanistic interpretation while Michelle falloff in her novel Abeng and her article If I could write this in dismission takes on a more personal view. While both Mintz and Benitez estimate to interpret for the whole Caribbean, falloff uses her homeland of Jamaica to help point come to the fore or disagree with some of the important issue of the Caribbean. Benitez discusses the Caribbean according to the manipulation of the plantations. Mintz follows a guideline of nine major features and Cliffs use of personal assay to break away understand her identity and use of Jamaicas history help to better understand Jamaica as part of the Caribbean. The first similarity of the Caribbean which Mintz points out is how the diachronic conditions are well known. He writes, They consist in the expansion of europium to the New World, the common historical patterns of conquest. colonization, peonage or slavery, and the development of multi-racial and multi-cultural societies throughout this battlefield (19). Benitez-Rojo goes on to be more precise, he writes, So if its clear that in that respect are certain regular and common features, held in pull by experiences more or less shared- European conquest, the native peoples disappearance or retreat, African slavery, plantation economies, Asian immigration, rigid and prolonged colonial domination... (34). withal though both Benitez and Mintz can make these claims because it is proven in history, Cliff writes on behalf of Jamaicas history due to Spains discovery and conquest. Cliff challenges the readers to think more about the identity of Columbus, she mentions tha t Columbus may have been a Jew, He came from Genoa- perhaps entering Spain as a Marano, that group of Sephardic Jews forced to hide out their religion and their identity behind a pretense of Christian worship... was he in search of a safe place for Jews, a place out of the Diaspora (67). Cliff has made readers think twice on the purposes of why these sailors discovered new colonies. She writes, For what purposes did these men find themselves on their expedition. So some intertwining to be unraveled (67). She implies that the history is not as straightforward as Mintz and Benitez mentioned.

E-governance :: Technology, GIS

A actually hot topic in mankind administration research today is e-government. Due to continued engineering growth, organizations now have new avenues to approach their missions through fresh and sundry(a) methods. E-government may just be the cure for many of todays ailing cities. E-government as defined by Denhardt and Denhardt (2009) is the use of IT to provide information, take services, support organizational management systems, ad/or to offer opportunities for conference and citizen input (p. 378). In order to truly understand e-government one must look at the benefits and opportunities as well as specific applications in which it can be used.According to Denhardt and Denhardt (2009) e-government can have many benefits these take but are not limited to facilitating communication, aiding in information sacramental manduction between public officials and with the general public, increasing efficiency, making elections and voting much accurate, and in turn assisting pu blic administrators to better serve citizens (p. 378-379). E-government also has opportunities, the both main gaps presented by Denhardt and Denhardt (2009) are novelty and cooperation (p. 379). Novelty causes obstacles because it can sometimes be difficult to choose between the many different choices public administrators have access to. Another issue with novelty is that these innovative and alter options often require substantial change which can be very costly and complicated to maneuver through. Cooperation is also a key prospect e-government calls for interaction and sharing between all levels of government and government agencies. (Denhardt and Denhardt, 2009) If cooperation is lacking, e-government initiatives cannot be successful.In a particular case study of Sun County, the concrete location name was changed for confidentiality purposes the implementation of a new GIS (Geographic Information System) was followed for some(prenominal) years in order to focus on the pr ocess of e-government preferably than the outcome or outputs that other research has focused on (Tsai, Choi, & Perry, 2009). The polish of the new GIS database was for the Departments staff to have the ability to enter data into the GIS database, go away reports, and generate maps in a real time manner from their avouch workstations this would allow them to provide a high level of service without having to apportion a lot of resources. Another goal of the project was to ease the conclusiveness making process of management by giving them the ability to coif analyses to better understand County resources and circumstances (Tsai, Choi, & Perry, 2009).

Le Creuset :: essays papers

Le CreusetConcentration of Manu itemuring In comparison to the diversified nature of Le Creusets approach to export markets, manufacturing in the participation is very often concentrated. any Le Creusets products are manufactured at the both production sites in France (Fresnoy-le-Grand and Cousances). What could be the reason or reasons behind such a concentration in manufacturing? One reason could be the nature of the production play at the company. It is highly specialised. The products have to meet received standards and levels. It consists of four distinct stages (production of cast conjure casting finishing and enamelling). The process thus is a distinct and orderly method. In addition on that point is the factor of the presence and remoteness to raw materials (in this case pig iron and recycled iron). Also the production process needs appropriate specialised equipment to moderate the highly specialised stages of production. Beside Le Creusets products have the take to of being traditional, made in France with experience for long consecutive years. The production has been freeing on in France since 1925. This therefore creates or is part of the brand image. All these factors make it difficult for the company to found other production sites for the company in its foreign markets. The company instead concentrated on a more diversified level of marketing, sales and distribution. However this does not close that production is neglected for still great attention is focused on improving productivity in the company through an on-going investment plan targeted at re-organising and modernising the production facilities and process at Le Creuset. As a result the process has now become more cost-efficient, effective, and automated. In fact automating the casting process for example has proved to be six beat more efficient than the labour-intensive method that has been replaced. Culture or the material body of Le CreusetWhat does Le Creus et as a brand name adumbrate a vision or an image of? Above all we should at first point out that it is the very qualities of Le Creuset products that create its image and culture world-wise. Le Creuset cast iron cookware has trine enceinte features by which its recognised its high quality, its superior durability, and the brightness and depth of its colour. These three distinct characteristics guarantee a very up-market product that consumers would highly liking and aspire to buy. The name, image and culture of Le Creuset created by the properties of the companys products are very unique.

Philosophical Theantropy as the Principle of Religious Ecumenism :: Biblical Religion Christianity Essays

Philosophical Theantropy as the linguistic rule of Religious Ecumenism squeeze One universal constituent chemical element of mankind consciousness is mental picture in the existence of a noble reality that is experienced by persons as the most intimate and necessity pull up stakes of military man life. flavor in transcendent reality, which is an immanent part of gentles nature, constitutes an awe-inspiring mystery (mysterium fascinans et tremens) that is, a theantropy. Strictly speaking, theantropy is a theological destination which is used to deport the center of the master and merciful natures in Christ (as defined by Websters New Collegiate Dictionary). The novum of my perceptiveness of theantropy consists in the application of the concept to the phenomenological experience of the ghostlike consciousness of kind-heartedity. Henceforth, I designate theantropy to mean an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the human and overlord constituents in/of every human being. I will examine and theorize on theantropy as the philosophical principle of religious ecumenism as well as fagvas various solutions of theantropy not only with bear upon to a particular organization of beliefs, but as it is experienced in each and every human being by following Augustines principle In interiorem hominem redi ibi home ground Deus (or in intimor intimo meo). In each and every human being, there is a specific polarization between the human and the divine dimensions, which one can call theantropy. In the strict smack theantropy is a theological term, and is diligent to express the union of the divine and human natures in Christ. The novum of this authors understanding of the term theantropy consists of the application of this concept to the phenomenological experience of religious consciousness of man. Henceforth, in this paper, theantropy message an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the human and the divine constituents in/of each and ever y human being.Theantropy so understood, can be exposit as a never-ending striving of man for unity with the Inner- account book of human soul for establishing one phantasmal oikoumen of all people into one divine community of believers (Cf I Pe.2,5 Eph.2,19 I Tim.3.15 He.3,6 etc.). Referring to the Gospel of St. John, St. Augustine writesI implore you to relish with me and, by believing, to run with me allow us long for our heavenly unpolished , let us take a breath for our heavenly home, let us in truth feel that here we are strangers. What shall we then see? Let the church doctrine tell us In the fount was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God.Philosophical Theantropy as the rationale of Religious Ecumenism Biblical Religion Christianity EssaysPhilosophical Theantropy as the Principle of Religious EcumenismABSTRACT One universal constituent element of human consciousness is belief in the existence of a divine reality that is experienced by persons as the most intimate and essential part of human life. Belief in transcendent reality, which is an immanent part of human nature, constitutes an awe-inspiring mystery (mysterium fascinans et tremens) that is, a theantropy. Strictly speaking, theantropy is a theological term which is used to express the union of the divine and human natures in Christ (as defined by Websters New Collegiate Dictionary). The novum of my understanding of theantropy consists in the application of the concept to the phenomenological experience of the religious consciousness of humanity. Henceforth, I designate theantropy to mean an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the human and divine constituents in/of every human being. I will examine and reflect on theantropy as the philosophical principle of religious ecumenism as well as compare various solutions of theantropy not only with regard to a particular system of beliefs, but as it is experienced in each and every human being by following Augustin es principle In interiorem hominem redi ibi habitat Deus (or in intimor intimo meo). In each and every human being, there is a specific polarization between the human and the divine dimensions, which one can call theantropy. In the strict sense theantropy is a theological term, and is employed to express the union of the divine and human natures in Christ. The novum of this authors understanding of the term theantropy consists of the application of this concept to the phenomenological experience of religious consciousness of man. Henceforth, in this paper, theantropy means an ontic union and an inherent disposition of the human and the divine constituents in/of each and every human being.Theantropy so understood, can be described as a perpetual striving of man for unity with the Inner-Word of human soul for establishing one spiritual oikoumen of all people into one divine community of believers (Cf I Pe.2,5 Eph.2,19 I Tim.3.15 He.3,6 etc.). Referring to the Gospel of St. John, St. A ugustine writesI implore you to love with me and, by believing, to run with me let us long for our heavenly country , let us sigh for our heavenly home, let us truly feel that here we are strangers. What shall we then see? Let the gospel tell us In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God.

Joy Luck Club Character Analysis :: essays research papers

Lindo Jong is a member of the Joy Luck Club along with Suyuan Woo, An-mei Hsu, and Ying-ying St. Clair. Lindo Jong is a mother to terce children, a divorcee, and a wife to a second husband. She grew up in China, and even though her children are American, she wants them to view as some Chinese character also. Lindos character encompasses three major traits including cleverness, being controlling, and loving.When Lindo turned the age of two, she was engaged to marry Tyan-yu who was one social class old at the time. When her familys house was destroyed by a flood, Lindo left her mother to live with Tyan-yu and his family while hers lived with other relatives. Over a time period of about 4 years, Lindo began to forget who she was and where she came from partly because of Huang Taitais supervision. Since she didnt want to be in the marriage, she cleverly devised a darn to escape from her awful commitment with Tyan-yu. She told Huang Taitai that their ancestor is going to give their family three forewarnings that Lindo and Tyan-yu should not be married. First, a black. finger-print sized mark on Tyan-yus back will start to eat away at his flesh. Lindo saw this mark ever since she had been sleeping with him as if they were brother and sister. Secondly, the tooth in Lindos mouth, which had rotted and fallen out four years ago, had disappeared. She said He said my teeth would start to fall out one by one, until I could no longer protest leaving this marriage. (Tan 61) Lastly, Lindo proclaimed that the handmaiden girl has already been chosen to be Tyan-yus true wife, and that a seed has already been planted into her. Unknowingly to Huang Taitai, Lindo had seen the servant girl speech production to a delivery man who had actually impregnated her. After receiving a shred to Peking, she married Tin Jong and had three children, Winston, Vincent, and Waverly.Waverly, her only daughter, became a national beguiler champion by the time she was nine years old. After s he and Lindo got into an ancestry over chess, Waverly decided she would stop playing. After Waverly and Lindo have a circumstances to think about their argument, Waverly decides to play chess again. Her mother remarks with You think it is so easy. One day quit. Next day play. Everything for you is this way.

Dennis the Menis movie report Essay -- essays research papers

Dennis the Menace Report In the movie Dennis the Menace, there argon many different time chemical groups represented childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and older adulthood. During childhood, children atomic number 18 c atomic number 18free, fearless, talkative, curious, and playful. In adolescence, teens are faced with many important responsibilities and decisions. They start to become to a greater extent mature and become interested in the opposite sex and informal actions. When you enter into the adulthood and older adulthood world then you are faced with many more decisions and obstacles including what job you are divergence to adopt to do for the rest of your life and when or if you are even going to get married and start a family. Also, you must think most buying food, clothes, a house, car and other necessities or wants. Along with from each one age group comes some worries. When you are in the childhood age group, things that seem big to you actu all(prenominal)y are not all that big. For example, when Dennis mammy tells him he has to go to Margarets house while she goes to work all summer, he acts like it is the end of the world. In the adolescent age group things get a little more stressful. Some things that are stressful for the adolescents are keeping up their grades because school has gotten harder, getting a job, devising the team, and things like that. With the adulthood and older adulthood age group comes the realisation of necessities needed to just get by because it is the first time you are supporting yourself. As time goes on you ge...

Essay --

Strategic Marketing Adidas was born in Germany in 1949, and since then the brand has been synonymous with the sport world. Second only to the Nike, Adidas is a multinational beau monde and it is spread worldwide across the whole planet. The corporations mathematical products range is very vast, from the running shoes to the watches, from football shirts and beat pads to bags and hats. The company is currently employing 46,000 people worldwide, operating on more than 46 countries. The Adidas brand is built all around passion for sports excellence and mod design to help athletes improve their performance. As a market-oriented organisation, Adidas continuously updates and fulfils consumers needs in order to meet them with products and services. It is basically this focus on the audience, teamed with product and marketing innovation that plays a key role in the companys success. Trying to keep up with endlessly changing market, I was thinking to try and launch a new product b elow this well-known brand name. As Adidas focuses on athletic performances, and other than fit out the secure developed only sport accessories for its customers, I was thinking that it could be a great opportunity for them to specialise in a person-to-person Energy Drink. As the firm always had to chase the leading firm Nike, something should be done in order to gain an advantage everywhere it. The Adidas thoroughgoing Energy drink (AdiRush) may be a sodding(a) example of something that the German organisation would have more than the American. Energy drinks ordinarily contain large amounts of caffeine and legal ingredients such as Ginseng. for the first time developed in Asia and Europe, then introduced by Red Bull in America. Our idea was to develop an Energy drink made entirely with organic m... ... are very happy with the product we are selling. It has the nice bangle attribute that differentiates us from the rest, but still the performance is well helped by the consum ption of the drink. People are excessively starting to drink our AdiRush also after lunch in order to keep focused and backbreaking on what they have to do in the late afternoon. Some customers, primarily women, feel that a 16 Oz mini bottle is sometimes likewise ofttimes to finish , therefore we can start thinking of the succeeding(a) option of having also smaller bottles in order to meet pistillate needs and have a choice of what volume bottle to buy. salvage there are problems trying to change customer perception towards zip drinks, mainly because new results of side effects of drinking too much Red Bull are being published, therefore a sceptical feeling is affecting the market.